Onychosis refers to abnormal nail conditions that affect the:
✔ Color (yellowing, white spots, dark streaks)
✔ Shape (curling, ridges, pitting)
✔ Texture (thickening, brittleness, crumbling)
These changes often signal underlying infections, trauma, or systemic diseases.
Common Types of Onychosis
| Condition | Causes | Key Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
| Onychomycosis (Fungal Infection) | Fungi (dermatophytes) | Yellow/brown nails, thickening, debris under nail |
| Ingrown Toenails | Improper trimming, tight shoes | Pain, redness, swelling at nail edges |
| Nail Psoriasis | Autoimmune disorder | Pitting, ridges, oil-drop discoloration |
| Beau’s Lines | Severe illness, chemotherapy | Horizontal grooves across nails |
What Causes Nail Disorders?
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Fungal/bacterial infections (public pools, sweaty shoes)
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Trauma (sports injuries, aggressive manicures)
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Skin conditions (eczema, psoriasis)
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Systemic diseases (diabetes, thyroid disorders)
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Nutritional deficiencies (iron, biotin)
Diagnosis & Treatment Options
How is Onychosis Diagnosed?
🔬 Nail clipping test (fungal culture)
🔬 KOH exam (microscopic analysis)
🔬 Blood tests (for systemic causes)
Treatment Approaches
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Fungal Infections: Oral antifungals (terbinafine), medicated nail polish
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Psoriasis: Topical steroids, vitamin D analogs
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Ingrown Nails: Soaking, antibiotic ointments, minor surgery
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Severe Cases: Laser therapy, nail removal
Prevention & Nail Care Tips
✅ Keep nails clean & dry
✅ Trim straight across (avoid rounded edges)
✅ Wear breathable footwear
✅ Use antifungal sprays in high-risk areas (gyms, pools)
✅ Moisturize cuticles (prevent cracking)
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical help if you notice:
⚠️ Painful swelling or pus (sign of infection)
⚠️ Sudden nail discoloration (black/brown streaks)
⚠️ Nail separation from bed
